Previous Year UPSC Questions

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, did not establish a regular police force. Instead, he reorganized the existing system of policing and appointed a superintendent of police for each district. The British-style police system was introduced later by Lord Cornwallis in 1786.

Statement 2 is correct: The Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court in Calcutta with jurisdiction over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, hearing civil, criminal, and commercial cases, and exercising both original and appellate jurisdiction.

Statement 3 is correct: The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was drafted by the first Law Commission of India established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 under the chairmanship Thomas Babington Macaulay and was formally enacted in 1860 during the time of the British East India Company.

Explanation

Dr. V. Mohan Reddy is renowned for performing a successful open-heart procedure called the arterial switch operation on an infant. This operation is a complex cardiac surgery used to correct transposition of the great arteries, a congenital heart defect where the major arteries are reversed. This breakthrough surgery provided new hope for treating congenital heart diseases in infants and gained recognition as a landmark achievement in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Explanation

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Constitution of India originally had 22 parts, though with amendments, it now has 25 parts. Thus, the statement that the Constitution has 20 parts is incorrect.

Statement 2 is Incorrect: Originally, the Constitution had 395 Articles, but due to amendments, the number of Articles has increased to 448.

Statement 3 is correct:

Explanation

Assertion (A) is false: Wind patterns in the Northern Hemisphere move clockwise around high-pressure systems and counterclockwise around low-pressure systems. In the Southern Hemisphere, the pattern is opposite: counterclockwise around high-pressure systems and clockwise around low-pressure systems. The statement in the Assertion (A) is incorrect because it gener-alizes wind patterns without distinguishing between high-pres-sure and low-pressure systems. Reason (R) is true: The Coriolis effect, caused by the Earth’s rotation, deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This influences the direction of wind patterns, making R correct. Conclusion:

Since A is false but R is true, the correct answer is (d):

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Article 301 pertains to the freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout India, not the Right to Property. Currently, The Right to Property is covered under Article 300A of the Indian Constitution.

Statement 2 is Correct: The Right to Property, initially a Fundamental Right under Article 31, was made a legal right through the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 and placed under Article 300A.

Statement 3 is Incorrect: Article 300A was indeed inserted by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978, but not by the Congress government. The 44th Amendment removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights and made it a legal right under Article 300A. This change was made during the Janata Party government, not the Congress Party government.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Headquarters of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is located in Geneva, Switzerland. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a non governmental global body that develops standards to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency in products, services, and systems. Established in 1946, it facilitates international trade and cooperation by harmonizing practices worldwide, making lives easier, safer, and better.

Statement 2 is correct: ISO 9000 is a series of standards related to quality management systems, ensuring organizations meet customer and regulatory requirements.

Statement 3 is correct: ISO 14000 is a series of standards related to environmental management systems, helping organizations minimize environmental impact.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Constitution of the United States came into force on March 4, 1789.

Statement 2 is correct: All revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives of the US Congress. This is stated in Article I, Section 7, Clause 1 of the Constitution, also known as the Origination Clause or Revenue Clause.

Statement 3 is incorrect: George W. Bush is not the only President in the history of the United States whose father was also President. His father, George H. W. Bush was the 41st President. John Adams, the second President of the United States, and his son John Quincy Adams, the sixth President, both held the post of the president of the USA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The Parliament of Russia is called the Federal Assembly.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Council of the Federation is the upper house of the Russian Parliament, not the lower house.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The State Duma is the lower house of the Russian Parliament. The upper house is the Council of the Federation.

Explanation

List-I (Country) List-II (Name of Parliament) Netherlands States General Ukraine Supreme Council Poland Sejm Japan Diet

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The Man Booker Prize (now called the Booker Prize) is awarded to authors who are citizens of the Commonwealth nations, Ireland, or Zimbabwe.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Man Booker Prize was originally sponsored by Booker McConnell Ltd, a food wholesaler, and later by the Man Group, an investment management firm. It is not sponsored by a software company.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The winner of the 2004 Man Booker Prize was Alan Hollinghurst, a British author, for his novel The Line of Beauty. However, in 2006, Kiran Desai, a South Asian author (Indian), won the prize for The Inheritance of Loss.