UPSC Mains PYQs on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings (GS Paper 2)
Every UPSC Mains question on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings between 2013 and 2025 is listed below, newest year first, with the marks it carried. Filter by microtheme to see one idea across all the years.
By Team MaargX UPSC · UPSC Mains 2013-2025
Short answer: UPSC has asked 19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings (syllabus item 18 of GS Paper 2) between 2013 and 2025, worth 230 marks in all, about 1.6 questions a year. The most-asked microthemes are Bilateral Relations (9), Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours (6), Groupings beyond South Asia (4). The busiest year was 2021 (3 questions, 40 marks).
UPSC syllabus, GS Paper 2, item 18: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests.
Find Questions by GS Paper, Syllabus Topic and Microtheme
Step 1 paper → Step 2 syllabus topic → Step 3 subject → Step 4 microtheme. Each step opens after the one before it.
Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings: questions year-wise with marks
2025 1 question · 10 marks
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India–Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate.
2024 2 questions · 20 marks
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Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India's maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition?
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Critically analyse India's evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics.
2023 1 question · 10 marks
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'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO'. In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating problems.
2022 2 questions · 25 marks
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How will I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India's position in global politics?
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Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation?
2021 3 questions · 40 marks
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"If the last few decades were of Asia's growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa's." In the light of this statement, examine India's influence in Africa in recent years.
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The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China's ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.
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Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?
2020 2 questions · 30 marks
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What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region.
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'Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad)' is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times - Discuss.
2019 2 questions · 25 marks
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'The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.' Comment.
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"What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India's National self-esteem and ambitions" Explain with suitable examples.
2018 1 question · 10 marks
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India's relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back." Discuss.
2016 2 questions · 25 marks
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Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). Explain with suitable examples.
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Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India's Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario.
2015 1 question · 12.5 marks
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Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine.
2014 1 question · 12.5 marks
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With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.
2013 1 question · 10 marks
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Economic ties between India and Japan, while growing in recent years, are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.
No question matches these choices. Try another year or microtheme, or reset.
Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings at a Glance
| Syllabus item | GS Paper 2, item 18 (International Relations) |
|---|---|
| Questions asked | 19 (2013-2025), about 1.6 a year |
| Total marks | 230 marks |
| Last five years | 9 questions, 105 marks (2021-2025) |
| Usual weight | 10 marks (9 questions) |
| Directive words | Discuss (6), Examine (3), Explain (2), Elaborate (1) |
| Busiest year | 2021 (3 questions, 40 marks) |
Year-Wise Summary
| Year | Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 1 | 10 marks |
| 2024 | 2 | 20 marks |
| 2023 | 1 | 10 marks |
| 2022 | 2 | 25 marks |
| 2021 | 3 | 40 marks |
| 2020 | 2 | 30 marks |
| 2019 | 2 | 25 marks |
| 2018 | 1 | 10 marks |
| 2016 | 2 | 25 marks |
| 2015 | 1 | 12.5 marks |
| 2014 | 1 | 12.5 marks |
| 2013 | 1 | 10 marks |
| Total | 19 | 230 marks |
Microthemes in Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings
These are the ideas inside this topic, most asked first. Select one to see all its questions year-wise with marks.
- Bilateral Relations 9 · 105 marks
- Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours 6 · 70 marks
- Groupings beyond South Asia 4 · 55 marks
Other Topics in GS Paper 2
- 01. Indian Constitution: Evolution and Features 18 · 235 marks
- 02. Union and States: Federal Structure 16 · 195 marks
- 03. Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal 10 · 117.5 marks
- 04. Devolution to Local Levels 8 · 97.5 marks
- 05. Comparison with Other Constitutions 9 · 115 marks
- 06. Parliament and State Legislatures 13 · 162.5 marks
- 07. Executive, Judiciary and Pressure Groups 17 · 197.5 marks
- 08. Representation of the People's Act 11 · 137.5 marks
- 09. Constitutional, Statutory and Regulatory Bodies 23 · 282.5 marks
- 10. Government Policies and Interventions 9 · 112.5 marks
- 11. NGOs, SHGs and the Development Industry 14 · 177.5 marks
- 12. Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections 9 · 110 marks
- 13. Health, Education and Human Resources 18 · 215 marks
- 14. Poverty and Hunger 10 · 127.5 marks
- 15. Transparency, Accountability and E-Governance 18 · 215 marks
- 16. Role of Civil Services 5 · 60 marks
- 17. India and Its Neighbourhood 7 · 75 marks
- 19. Policies of Other Countries and Indian Diaspora 16 · 195 marks
- 20. International Institutions and Agencies 15 · 187.5 marks
How to Use Mains PYQs Topic Wise
- Start with the microthemes. Open a topic and read its microtheme list. The ones with the most questions are the ideas UPSC returns to.
- Read the demand words. Note how questions begin: discuss, examine, critically analyse, comment. Each asks for a different answer structure.
- Write by marks. A 10-mark question needs a tight answer of about 150 words, and a 15-mark question about 250 words.
- Cover all years of a microtheme. Write the oldest and the latest question on the same microtheme, and see how the angle changed.
- Revise and rewrite. Revise the topic from the notes, and write the same question again after a week.
For the method in full, read the Mains answer writing strategy. The official papers are on our UPSC PYQs page.
Questions are shown as printed in the UPSC Civil Services (Main) General Studies papers of 2013-2025. The grouping into topics and microthemes is by Team MaargX UPSC. Check any wording against the official paper on upsc.gov.in.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many UPSC Mains questions have been asked on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings?
19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings appeared in UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 between 2013 and 2025, worth 230 marks in all. That is about 1.6 questions a year. Every one of them is listed on this page, year-wise with its marks.
Which Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings microthemes does UPSC ask most often?
The most-asked microthemes in Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings are Bilateral Relations (9), Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours (6), Groupings beyond South Asia (4). The number in brackets is how many questions each has had since 2013. Use the microtheme filter to see all of them together, year by year, with marks.
In which year was Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings asked the most in UPSC Mains?
The busiest year for Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings was 2021 (3 questions, 40 marks). The lightest was 2025 (1 questions, 10 marks). Treat these swings as noise: UPSC does not repeat a fixed pattern, so cover the whole topic.
How many marks do Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings questions carry?
Of the 19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings, 6 of 15 marks, 4 of 12.5 marks, 9 of 10 marks. Plan your word limit by marks: 10-marker answers run to about 150 words and 15-marker answers to about 250 words.
What kind of questions does UPSC ask on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings?
The directive words in the 19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings are Discuss (6), Examine (3), Explain (2), Elaborate (1). Match your answer to the word: discuss and examine want both sides with a conclusion, while comment and critically analyse want a reasoned stand.
Is Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings important for UPSC Mains?
In the last five years (2021-2025) UPSC asked 9 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings, worth 105 marks. In the first five years (2013-2017) it asked 5, worth 60 marks.
Which GS paper does Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings belong to?
Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings belongs to UPSC Mains GS Paper 2, titled Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations. The questions on this page are all from that paper.
How should I use these Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings PYQs?
Read the microtheme list first, then pick one and write two or three answers in the time limit. Compare each with what the question demands (discuss, examine, critically analyse). Revise the topic from the Maarg Manthan notes and write the same question again after a week.
Official Sources
These are the primary sources behind this page. Rules, dates and papers can change, so confirm them on the official pages.
- UPSC: Previous Year Question Papers
- UPSC: Previous Year Question Papers (Archives)
- UPSC: Revised Syllabus and Scheme
- UPSC: Civil Services Examination Rules