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UPSC Mains PYQs on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings (GS Paper 2)

Every UPSC Mains question on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings between 2013 and 2025 is listed below, newest year first, with the marks it carried. Filter by microtheme to see one idea across all the years.

By Team MaargX UPSC · UPSC Mains 2013-2025

Short answer: UPSC has asked 19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings (syllabus item 18 of GS Paper 2) between 2013 and 2025, worth 230 marks in all, about 1.6 questions a year. The most-asked microthemes are Bilateral Relations (9), Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours (6), Groupings beyond South Asia (4). The busiest year was 2021 (3 questions, 40 marks).

UPSC syllabus, GS Paper 2, item 18: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests.

Find Questions by GS Paper, Syllabus Topic and Microtheme

Step 1 paper → Step 2 syllabus topic → Step 3 subject → Step 4 microtheme. Each step opens after the one before it.

Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings: questions year-wise with marks

2025 1 question · 10 marks

  1. 202510 marks Bilateral Relations

    India–Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate.

2024 2 questions · 20 marks

  1. 202410 marks Bilateral Relations

    Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India's maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition?

  2. 202410 marks Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours

    Critically analyse India's evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics.

2023 1 question · 10 marks

  1. 202310 marks Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours

    'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO'. In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating problems.

2022 2 questions · 25 marks

  1. 202215 marks Groupings beyond South Asia

    How will I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India's position in global politics?

  2. 202210 marks Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours

    Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation?

2021 3 questions · 40 marks

  1. 202110 marks Groupings beyond South Asia

    "If the last few decades were of Asia's growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa's." In the light of this statement, examine India's influence in Africa in recent years.

  2. 202115 marks Groupings beyond South Asia

    The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China's ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.

  3. 202115 marks Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours

    Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?

2020 2 questions · 30 marks

  1. 202015 marks Bilateral Relations

    What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

  2. 202015 marks Groupings beyond South Asia

    'Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad)' is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times - Discuss.

2019 2 questions · 25 marks

  1. 201910 marks Bilateral Relations

    'The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.' Comment.

  2. 201915 marks Bilateral Relations

    "What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India's National self-esteem and ambitions" Explain with suitable examples.

2018 1 question · 10 marks

  1. 201810 marks Bilateral Relations

    India's relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back." Discuss.

2016 2 questions · 25 marks

  1. 201612.5 marks Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours

    Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). Explain with suitable examples.

  2. 201612.5 marks Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours

    Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India's Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario.

2015 1 question · 12.5 marks

  1. 201512.5 marks Bilateral Relations

    Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine.

2014 1 question · 12.5 marks

  1. 201412.5 marks Bilateral Relations

    With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.

2013 1 question · 10 marks

  1. 201310 marks Bilateral Relations

    Economic ties between India and Japan, while growing in recent years, are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.

Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings at a Glance

Syllabus itemGS Paper 2, item 18 (International Relations)
Questions asked19 (2013-2025), about 1.6 a year
Total marks230 marks
Last five years9 questions, 105 marks (2021-2025)
Usual weight10 marks (9 questions)
Directive wordsDiscuss (6), Examine (3), Explain (2), Elaborate (1)
Busiest year2021 (3 questions, 40 marks)

Year-Wise Summary

Number of UPSC Mains questions and total marks for each year
YearQuestionsMarks
2025110 marks
2024220 marks
2023110 marks
2022225 marks
2021340 marks
2020230 marks
2019225 marks
2018110 marks
2016225 marks
2015112.5 marks
2014112.5 marks
2013110 marks
Total19230 marks

Microthemes in Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings

These are the ideas inside this topic, most asked first. Select one to see all its questions year-wise with marks.

Other Topics in GS Paper 2

How to Use Mains PYQs Topic Wise

  1. Start with the microthemes. Open a topic and read its microtheme list. The ones with the most questions are the ideas UPSC returns to.
  2. Read the demand words. Note how questions begin: discuss, examine, critically analyse, comment. Each asks for a different answer structure.
  3. Write by marks. A 10-mark question needs a tight answer of about 150 words, and a 15-mark question about 250 words.
  4. Cover all years of a microtheme. Write the oldest and the latest question on the same microtheme, and see how the angle changed.
  5. Revise and rewrite. Revise the topic from the notes, and write the same question again after a week.

For the method in full, read the Mains answer writing strategy. The official papers are on our UPSC PYQs page.

Questions are shown as printed in the UPSC Civil Services (Main) General Studies papers of 2013-2025. The grouping into topics and microthemes is by Team MaargX UPSC. Check any wording against the official paper on upsc.gov.in.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many UPSC Mains questions have been asked on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings?

19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings appeared in UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 between 2013 and 2025, worth 230 marks in all. That is about 1.6 questions a year. Every one of them is listed on this page, year-wise with its marks.

Which Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings microthemes does UPSC ask most often?

The most-asked microthemes in Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings are Bilateral Relations (9), Groupings involving Immediate and Extended neighbours (6), Groupings beyond South Asia (4). The number in brackets is how many questions each has had since 2013. Use the microtheme filter to see all of them together, year by year, with marks.

In which year was Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings asked the most in UPSC Mains?

The busiest year for Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings was 2021 (3 questions, 40 marks). The lightest was 2025 (1 questions, 10 marks). Treat these swings as noise: UPSC does not repeat a fixed pattern, so cover the whole topic.

How many marks do Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings questions carry?

Of the 19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings, 6 of 15 marks, 4 of 12.5 marks, 9 of 10 marks. Plan your word limit by marks: 10-marker answers run to about 150 words and 15-marker answers to about 250 words.

What kind of questions does UPSC ask on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings?

The directive words in the 19 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings are Discuss (6), Examine (3), Explain (2), Elaborate (1). Match your answer to the word: discuss and examine want both sides with a conclusion, while comment and critically analyse want a reasoned stand.

Is Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings important for UPSC Mains?

In the last five years (2021-2025) UPSC asked 9 questions on Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings, worth 105 marks. In the first five years (2013-2017) it asked 5, worth 60 marks.

Which GS paper does Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings belong to?

Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings belongs to UPSC Mains GS Paper 2, titled Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations. The questions on this page are all from that paper.

How should I use these Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings PYQs?

Read the microtheme list first, then pick one and write two or three answers in the time limit. Compare each with what the question demands (discuss, examine, critically analyse). Revise the topic from the Maarg Manthan notes and write the same question again after a week.

Official Sources

These are the primary sources behind this page. Rules, dates and papers can change, so confirm them on the official pages.

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