Category 3 · Science & Technology

Human Physiology – Organ Systems

11 micro topics in Science & Technology for UPSC Prelims, in book order: Skeletal System (Osteology) and Ligaments (Syndesmology); Muscular System (Myology); and 9 more.

1. 3.1

   Skeletal System (Osteology) and Ligaments (Syndesmology)

   The skeletal system is the framework of bones, cartilage and joints that supports the body, protects organs, allows movement, makes blood cells and stores minerals. An adult human skeleton has 206 bones, while a newborn has…

2. 3.2

   Muscular System (Myology)

   The muscular system is made of muscles that contract to produce movement, maintain posture, move substances inside the body and generate heat. The human body has more than 600 skeletal muscles, which make up about 40…

3. 3.3

   Reproductive System: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Animals and Humans

   Reproduction is the production of new individuals of the same species, and it is of two kinds. In asexual reproduction a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical, by methods such as binary fission in…

4. 3.4

   Excretory System: Excretion in Plants and Animals

   Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products from the body, such as urea, uric acid, ammonia, carbon dioxide and excess salts. In humans, the main excretory organs are the two kidneys, which filter blood and…

5. 3.5

   Osmoregulation, ADH and Formation of Urine; Thermoregulation

   Osmoregulation is the control of the water and salt content of body fluids, and thermoregulation is the control of body temperature. In humans, the kidneys and the hypothalamus work together to keep water balance. Antidiuretic hormone,…

6. 3.6

   Digestive System and Human Dietary Patterns

   The digestive system breaks down food into small molecules that the body can absorb and use, and removes the undigested part. It consists of the alimentary canal, which runs from the mouth through the pharynx, oesophagus,…

7. 3.7

   Immune System and Immunity

   The immune system is the network of cells, tissues and organs that protects the body from disease-causing microbes and from abnormal cells. Immunity is of two kinds. Innate immunity is present from birth and is non-specific.…

8. 3.8

   Endocrine System: Hypothalamus, Pineal Body, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Adrenal Glands, Reproductive Glands

   The endocrine system is a set of ductless glands that release chemical messengers called hormones directly into the blood, which carry them to target organs. Hormones control growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood and the balance of water,…

9. 3.9

   Respiratory System: External and Internal Respiration in Humans, Animals, Plants and Insects

   The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. In humans, air enters through the nose, passes through the pharynx, larynx and trachea, and divides into two bronchi that branch into smaller bronchioles…

10. 3.10

    Transport System: Blood Vascular System and Lymphatic System

    The transport system of humans has two parts: the blood vascular system, made of the heart, blood and blood vessels, and the lymphatic system, made of lymph, lymph vessels and lymphoid organs. Blood is a fluid…

11. 3.11

    Transport System in Plants and in a Single Cell

    Transport in plants is carried out by vascular tissue: xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, and phloem carries food made in the leaves to other parts. Water enters root hairs by…

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Frequently asked questions

Which topics are in Human Physiology – Organ Systems?

Human Physiology – Organ Systems has 11 micro topics in Science & Technology: Skeletal System (Osteology) and Ligaments (Syndesmology); Muscular System (Myology); Reproductive System: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Animals and Humans; Excretory System: Excretion in Plants and Animals; Osmoregulation, ADH and Formation of Urine; Thermoregulation; Digestive System and Human Dietary Patterns; Immune System and Immunity; Endocrine System: Hypothalamus, Pineal Body, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Adrenal Glands, Reproductive Glands; Respiratory System: External and Internal Respiration in Humans, Animals, Plants and Insects; Transport System: Blood Vascular System and Lymphatic System; Transport System in Plants and in a Single Cell.

Is Human Physiology – Organ Systems important for UPSC Prelims?

Human Physiology – Organ Systems is a part of the UPSC Prelims Science & Technology syllabus map on MaargX UPSC. Each of its 11 published topics has key terms, a Mains angle and practice questions.