Category 2 · Science & Technology

Classification and Evolution of Life

9 micro topics in Science & Technology for UPSC Prelims, in book order: Diversity of Living Things; Classification and Domains of Life (Three-Domain System); and 7 more.

2.1

Diversity of Living Things

Diversity of living things is the variety of life on Earth, from bacteria to blue whales, shown in the number of species, the genetic differences within them and the ecosystems they form. About 1.2 to 2…
2.2

Classification and Domains of Life (Three-Domain System)

Classification is the arrangement of organisms into groups on the basis of similarity and evolutionary relationship. Systems have changed over time. Aristotle grouped living things as plants and animals, Linnaeus used two kingdoms, and Ernst Haeckel…
2.3

Viruses: Structure and Classification

Viruses are tiny infectious particles, usually 20 to 300 nanometres in size, that can multiply only inside the living cells of a host. A virus has a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, enclosed…
2.4

Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus, and they belong to two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. They are the oldest and most abundant life forms and live almost everywhere, from soil and oceans to hot…
2.5

Eukaryotes: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They form the domain Eukarya, which includes four groups: protists, fungi, plants and animals. Protists are mostly single-celled and include amoeba, paramecium and algae.…
2.6

Evolution of Life Forms: Theories of Evolution (Darwinism, Lamarckism)

Evolution is the gradual change in the inherited features of populations of organisms over generations, which has produced the diversity of life from common ancestors. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed the first major theory in 1809 in Philosophie…
2.7

Animal Evolution

Animal evolution is the history of how animals arose from single-celled ancestors and diversified over more than 600 million years. The first animals were simple, soft-bodied invertebrates such as sponges. A sudden diversification of animal body…
2.8

Evolution of Humans (Stages of Human Evolution)

Human evolution is the long process by which modern humans, Homo sapiens, arose from earlier primates over about 6 to 7 million years. Humans belong to the order Primates and the family of great apes, and…
2.9

Formation of Tissues: Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue

A tissue is a group of similar cells, together with the material between them, that performs a specific function. Animals have four basic types of tissue: epithelial tissue, which covers and lines surfaces and forms glands,…

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Frequently asked questions

Which topics are in Classification and Evolution of Life?

Classification and Evolution of Life has 9 micro topics in Science & Technology: Diversity of Living Things; Classification and Domains of Life (Three-Domain System); Viruses: Structure and Classification; Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea; Eukaryotes: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals; Evolution of Life Forms: Theories of Evolution (Darwinism, Lamarckism); Animal Evolution; Evolution of Humans (Stages of Human Evolution); Formation of Tissues: Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue.

Is Classification and Evolution of Life important for UPSC Prelims?

Classification and Evolution of Life is a part of the UPSC Prelims Science & Technology syllabus map on MaargX UPSC. Each of its 9 published topics has key terms, a Mains angle and practice questions.