Category 14 · Modern History
Era of Militant Nationalism, 1905-1909
10 micro topics in Modern History for UPSC Prelims, in book order: Why Militant Nationalism Grew; Partition of Bengal, 1905; and 8 more.
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14.1
Why Militant Nationalism Grew
A radical, militant trend emerged in the 1890s and took shape by 1905. Its causes were disillusionment with British rule (famines, plague, repressive laws, Curzon's policies), growing self-confidence, education and unemployment, international events like Japan's victory…
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14.2
Partition of Bengal, 1905
The partition of Bengal, made public in December 1903 and announced in July 1905, divided the province into Bengal (with Bihar and Orissa, capital Calcutta) and Eastern Bengal and Assam (capital Dacca). The stated reason was…
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14.3
Anti-Partition Campaign Under the Moderates
In 1903-05 the Moderates (Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra, Prithwishchandra Ray) opposed the partition by petitions, meetings, memoranda and newspapers. When partition was announced in July 1905, the Boycott Resolution of 7 August 1905 at Calcutta Town…
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14.4
Swadeshi and Boycott Movement Under Extremist Leadership
After 1905 the Extremists gained dominant influence over the Swadeshi Movement because the Moderate-led movement had yielded no results, divisive government tactics embittered nationalists and repression grew. They called for passive resistance, boycott of schools, services,…
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14.5
New Forms of Struggle and the Extent of Mass Participation
The Swadeshi Movement produced new forms of struggle: boycott of foreign goods, public meetings and processions, volunteer samitis, use of festivals and melas, self-reliance, national education and swadeshi enterprise, with a cultural flowering. Students, women, some…
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14.6
Evaluation of the Swadeshi Movement
By 1908 the open phase of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was almost over because of repression, lack of organisation, leaderlessness, the Surat split and a narrow base. Yet it was a turning point: new sections…
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14.7
Surat Split, 1907
The Congress split at Surat in December 1907 over the Extremists' wish to extend swadeshi, boycott and national education and the Moderates' wish to drop them. A dispute over the venue and president (Nagpur and Tilak…
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14.8
Moderates and Extremists: A Comparison
The Moderates drew on Western liberal thought, believed in England's providential mission, were loyal to the Crown, relied on constitutional methods and a middle-class base. The Extremists drew on Indian history and Hindu symbols, rejected the…
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14.9
Government Repression and Strategy
After the Surat split the government launched a massive attack on the Extremists with five new laws between 1907 and 1911 and the trial of Tilak, who was sentenced to six years' transportation to Mandalay. Its…
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14.10
Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909, and the Formation of the Muslim League
The Simla Deputation of October 1906, led by the Aga Khan, demanded separate electorates for Muslims, and the Muslim League was formed in December 1906. The Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act, 1909) recognised the elective principle…
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Frequently asked questions
Which topics are in Era of Militant Nationalism, 1905-1909?
Era of Militant Nationalism, 1905-1909 has 10 micro topics in Modern History: Why Militant Nationalism Grew; Partition of Bengal, 1905; Anti-Partition Campaign Under the Moderates; Swadeshi and Boycott Movement Under Extremist Leadership; New Forms of Struggle and the Extent of Mass Participation; Evaluation of the Swadeshi Movement; Surat Split, 1907; Moderates and Extremists: A Comparison; Government Repression and Strategy; Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909, and the Formation of the Muslim League.
Is Era of Militant Nationalism, 1905-1909 important for UPSC Prelims?
Era of Militant Nationalism, 1905-1909 is a part of the UPSC Prelims Modern History syllabus map on MaargX UPSC. Each of its 10 published topics has key terms, a Mains angle and practice questions.