Q301. Which statement accurately defines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL)?
Science and Technology: RAS Prelims MCQs
1113 RAS Prelims practice MCQs on science and technology are on this page, in 6 chapters. They cover the basics of everyday science, computers and information technology, defence and space technology in India, genetics, biotechnology and nanotechnology, science and technology policies and government programmes, and recent advances with Indian contributors and indigenisation. Each question has an answer and an explanation.
Practice questions based on the RPSC RAS Prelims syllabus. They follow the exam pattern but are not past-paper questions.
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Q302. Consider the following types of Machine Learning:
I. Supervised learning uses labeled datasets to train algorithms.
II. Unsupervised learning looks for undetected patterns in unlabeled data.
III. Reinforcement learning trains algorithms via a reward and punishment mechanism.
IV. Deep learning strictly avoids the use of artificial neural networks.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
I. Supervised learning uses labeled datasets to train algorithms.
II. Unsupervised learning looks for undetected patterns in unlabeled data.
III. Reinforcement learning trains algorithms via a reward and punishment mechanism.
IV. Deep learning strictly avoids the use of artificial neural networks.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Explanation
Machine learning encompasses several distinct approaches. Supervised learning uses labeled data for training, while unsupervised learning identifies patterns in unlabeled data. Reinforcement learning utilizes a system of rewards and punishments to guide behavior. Importantly, deep learning relies heavily on artificial neural networks to process information, making the claim that it avoids their use factually incorrect within the context of computer science.
Q303. Identify the incorrect statement regarding Artificial Neural Networks.
Explanation
Artificial Neural Networks are computational models inspired by the structure of the human brain, consisting of interconnected layers of nodes. They are exceptionally effective at identifying complex patterns, making them a cornerstone of modern image and speech recognition technologies. Deep Learning specifically uses networks with many hidden layers to improve accuracy, contradicting the idea that these models are incapable of.
Q304. Virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and chatbots that understand and respond to human language primarily rely on which branch of AI?
Explanation
Natural Language Processing is the branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. It enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human-like text and speech. This technology is the core component of virtual assistants and chatbots, allowing them to process voice commands and provide meaningful responses, which is essential for modern human-computer interaction.
Q305. What is the fundamental purpose of the Turing Test proposed by Alan Turing in 1950?
Explanation
The Turing Test was designed to determine if a machine could exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. In this test, a human judge engages in natural language conversations with both a human and a machine. If the judge cannot reliably tell them apart, the machine is said to have passed. It remains a foundational concept in the.
Q306. Which pair correctly links an AI domain with its practical application?
Explanation
Artificial intelligence is divided into various domains with specific practical applications. Computer vision enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, directly powering technologies like facial recognition. In contrast, natural language processing handles text and speech, while reinforcement learning is often used for complex decision-making in gaming or robotics. Matching these domains with their correct applications.
Q307. Given below are two statements regarding generative models.
Statement I: Generative AI refers to algorithms capable of creating new text, images, or audio based on training data.
Statement II: ChatGPT and DALL-E are examples of Generative AI models.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Statement I: Generative AI refers to algorithms capable of creating new text, images, or audio based on training data.
Statement II: ChatGPT and DALL-E are examples of Generative AI models.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Explanation
Generative AI refers to advanced algorithms that can create entirely new content, including text, images, and audio, by learning from massive datasets. Prominent examples like ChatGPT and DALL-E demonstrate the power of these models to produce human-like responses and creative visuals. This technology represents a significant shift in AI, moving from simple data analysis to the active creation of.
Q308. Match List I with List II.
| AI Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A. Algorithm | i. The collection of data used to teach an AI |
| B. Dataset | ii. The process of an AI applying learned knowledge to new data |
| C. Training | iii. A set of rules or instructions given to an AI |
| D. Inference | iv. The phase where an AI learns patterns from data |
Explanation
Understanding AI requires defining its core components. Algorithms provide the rules for processing, while datasets supply the information used for learning. Training is the active phase where the AI identifies patterns, and inference is the application of that learned knowledge to new situations. Together, these elements form the lifecycle of an AI system, from its initial development to its.
Q309. Which of the following fields is not traditionally considered a subset or core component of Artificial Intelligence?
Explanation
Artificial Intelligence encompasses fields like machine learning, robotics, and natural language processing, all focused on creating intelligent systems. These areas work together to enable machines to learn, move, and communicate. Relational database normalization, however, is a data management technique used to organize tables to reduce redundancy and improve integrity. While useful for storing data, it is not a core component.
Q310. Which type of AI system is most appropriate for replicating the decision-making ability of a human specialist in a specific domain, such as medical diagnosis?
Explanation
Expert systems are specialized AI programs designed to solve complex problems by mimicking the decision-making ability of a human expert in a specific field. They utilize a knowledge base and an inference engine to provide advice or diagnoses, such as in medical or legal settings. Unlike general-purpose chatbots, expert systems are deeply focused on a single domain to.Answer key for these questions
| Q | Correct answer |
|---|---|
| 301 | (c) AI is the overarching concept, ML is a subset of AI, and DL is a specialized subset of ML. |
| 302 | (a) I, II, and III only |
| 303 | (d) They cannot be used for pattern recognition or image processing. |
| 304 | (a) Natural Language Processing (NLP) |
| 305 | (c) Measure human-like machine intelligence |
| 306 | (a) Computer Vision - Facial recognition systems |
| 307 | (a) Both Statement I and II are correct |
| 308 | (a) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii |
| 309 | (c) Relational Database Normalization |
| 310 | (d) Expert Systems |
Key facts from Science and Technology
- The RPSC paper is General Knowledge and General Science, so science questions come with a strong dose of applied and recent topics.
- Everyday science questions test the laws and terms of physics, chemistry and biology through examples.
- Defence and space questions pair a missile, satellite or mission with its year and organisation.
- Policy questions ask for the year, the body and the aim of schemes like STIP, the National Quantum Mission and BioE3.
- Health, environment and agriculture are on a separate page, with their own chapters.
Frequently asked questions
How many RAS Prelims practice MCQs are there on Science and Technology?
This page has 1113 practice MCQs on Science and Technology. Each has the correct answer, and most have an explanation.
Which chapters does the science and technology set cover?
Six chapters: basics of everyday science; computers, information and communication technology; defence and space technology in India; genetics, biotechnology and nanotechnology; science and technology policies and government programmes; and recent advances, Indian contributors and indigenisation.
Is science and technology part of the RAS Prelims syllabus?
Yes. The RPSC paper is called General Knowledge and General Science, and its syllabus lists science and technology topics along with environment, health, agriculture and government programmes, so questions can come from any of these areas.
How should I prepare science for RAS Prelims?
Revise the concepts by examples, then learn the missions, schemes and scientists with their year and organisation. Attempt each chapter, read the explanations and keep a list of the facts you missed.