Q71. In the context of climate economics, "mitigation" strategies refer to actions designed to:
Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development: RAS Prelims MCQs
99 RAS Prelims MCQs on economic growth, development and sustainable development test the national income aggregates and the difference between growth and development. Nominal and real GDP, GDP and GNP, NDP, national income, per capita income and the factors that raise growth are asked as definitions and relationships, and each explanation shows how the aggregates are linked.
Practice questions based on the RPSC RAS Prelims syllabus. They follow the exam pattern but are not past-paper questions.
Showing 71–80 of 99 questions
Q72. Which of the following is the primary objective of "climate finance"?
Explanation
Climate finance refers to local, national, or transnational financing drawn from various sources to support climate change mitigation and adaptation. Its primary goal is to help developing countries transition to low-carbon economies and build resilience against climate impacts. Since these nations often lack the capital to invest in green technology, international financial support is crucial for meeting global climate objectives.
Q73. Consider the following ways in which climate change can impact an economy:
I. Decreased agricultural yields due to shifting weather patterns.
II. Increased costs related to extreme weather event recovery.
III. Loss of labor productivity due to extreme heat waves.
IV. Positive economic impact resulting from uniform sea-level rise globally.
V. Destruction of coastal infrastructure.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
I. Decreased agricultural yields due to shifting weather patterns.
II. Increased costs related to extreme weather event recovery.
III. Loss of labor productivity due to extreme heat waves.
IV. Positive economic impact resulting from uniform sea-level rise globally.
V. Destruction of coastal infrastructure.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Explanation
Climate change disrupts agriculture through unpredictable weather and causes significant financial loss from extreme events like floods. Heat waves also reduce labor productivity, particularly in outdoor sectors. Coastal infrastructure is threatened by rising sea levels and storms. While some regions might see minor shifts, there is no uniform positive economic impact from global sea-level rise; rather, it poses a severe threat to many nations.
Q74. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
| Climate Economics Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| A. Adaptation | i. Attaching a financial cost to greenhouse gas emissions to encourage reductions. |
| B. Mitigation | ii. Adjusting ecological, social, or economic systems in response to observed climate impacts. |
| C. Carbon Pricing | iii. Ensuring that the shift to a green economy is fair and leaves no workers or communities behind. |
| D. Just Transition | iv. Interventions to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. |
Explanation
Adaptation involves adjusting to climate impacts, while mitigation focuses on reducing emissions. Carbon pricing uses market mechanisms to discourage pollution by adding a cost to carbon. A just transition ensures that the move toward a green economy is fair to workers in traditional industries. These different strategies must work together to create a comprehensive and equitable response to the global climate crisis.
Q75. The central aim of the Paris Agreement (2015) is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping the global temperature rise this century well below:
Explanation
The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. Its central goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, and preferably to 1.5 degrees, compared to pre-industrial levels. To achieve this, countries must reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible. This target is considered essential to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of climate change.
Q76. In the context of international climate agreements, the principle of CBDR-RC stands for:
Explanation
The principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities acknowledges that all countries have a duty to address climate change. However, it also recognizes that developed nations have historically contributed more to the problem and have more financial resources. Therefore, they should take the lead in reducing emissions and providing support, while developing nations contribute according to their specific national circumstances.
Q77. Which of the following is a key component of India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) updated under the Paris Agreement framework?
Explanation
As part of its updated Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, India has committed to achieving 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. This ambitious target reflects India’s transition toward solar, wind, and other renewable sources. It is a key part of India’s strategy to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring national energy security.
Q78. The following question consists of two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): The Paris Agreement marks a shift from the Kyoto Protocol by requiring all countries, rather than just developed ones, to submit emissions reduction targets.
Reason (R): Under the Paris Agreement, targets are determined bottom-up through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) rather than being imposed top-down.
Assertion (A): The Paris Agreement marks a shift from the Kyoto Protocol by requiring all countries, rather than just developed ones, to submit emissions reduction targets.
Reason (R): Under the Paris Agreement, targets are determined bottom-up through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) rather than being imposed top-down.
Explanation
The Paris Agreement represents a significant evolution in international climate policy. While the Kyoto Protocol only set mandatory targets for developed countries, the Paris Agreement involves all nations. It utilizes a "bottom-up" approach where each country determines its own targets through Nationally Determined Contributions. This flexible framework encourages broader participation and allows countries to set goals that reflect their unique economic and social realities.
Q79. Arrange the following major global environmental agreements in correct chronological order of their adoption:
I. Paris Agreement
II. Kyoto Protocol
III. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adoption at Rio
Which of the following represents the correct sequence?
I. Paris Agreement
II. Kyoto Protocol
III. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adoption at Rio
Which of the following represents the correct sequence?
Explanation
The international climate regime began with the adoption of the UNFCCC at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. This was followed by the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which set the first specific emission reduction targets. Finally, the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015, creating a new universal framework for climate action. This sequence shows the gradual strengthening of global commitments to address the threat of global warming.
Q80. A circular economy fundamentally differs from a traditional linear economy by:
Explanation
A linear economy follows a "take-make-dispose" model, leading to significant waste and resource depletion. In contrast, a circular economy is designed to be regenerative. It focuses on designing out waste, keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible, and regenerating natural systems. This shift reduces the demand for virgin resources and minimizes environmental impact while promoting long-term economic resilience.Answer key for these questions
| Q | Correct answer |
|---|---|
| 71 | (a) Reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases. |
| 72 | (c) Climate action support for developing nations. |
| 73 | (a) I, II, III and V only |
| 74 | (a) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii |
| 75 | (b) Well below 2 degrees Celsius. |
| 76 | (c) Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities |
| 77 | (d) 50% non-fossil capacity by 2030. |
| 78 | (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. |
| 79 | (c) III, II, I |
| 80 | (b) Waste design-out and material use. |
Key facts from Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development
- Real GDP differs from nominal GDP because it is adjusted for price level changes (inflation).
- In the value-added method, the value of intermediate consumption is deducted from the value of output.
- GNP differs from GDP by the inclusion of net factor income from abroad.
- Net Domestic Product is obtained by deducting depreciation from Gross Domestic Product.
- National Income is equivalent to Net National Product at factor cost.
- Per capita income is national income divided by total population, and it masks welfare because it leaves out unpaid domestic work and leisure.
Frequently asked questions
How many RAS Prelims practice MCQs are there on Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development?
This page has 99 practice MCQs on Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development (Indian Economy). Each has the correct answer, and most have an explanation.
What is the difference between nominal and real GDP?
Nominal GDP is measured at current prices, and real GDP is adjusted for price level changes (inflation) by using the prices of a base year. Real GDP therefore shows the actual growth in the volume of output.
How does GNP differ from GDP?
GNP includes net factor income from abroad, that is income earned by a country’s residents abroad minus income earned by foreigners in the country. GDP counts only the output produced within the domestic territory.
What is National Income?
National Income is the Net National Product at factor cost. It is obtained from GDP by adding net factor income from abroad, deducting depreciation and subtracting indirect taxes net of subsidies.