Q91. The primary objective of the SDG India Index developed by NITI Aayog is to:
Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development: RAS Prelims MCQs
99 RAS Prelims MCQs on economic growth, development and sustainable development test the national income aggregates and the difference between growth and development. Nominal and real GDP, GDP and GNP, NDP, national income, per capita income and the factors that raise growth are asked as definitions and relationships, and each explanation shows how the aggregates are linked.
Practice questions based on the RPSC RAS Prelims syllabus. They follow the exam pattern but are not past-paper questions.
Showing 91–99 of 99 questions
Q92. In the context of NITI Aayog’s SDG India Index, which state consistently ranked at the top of the index in multiple consecutive recent iterations?
Explanation
Kerala has consistently performed well and often secured the top rank in NITI Aayog’s SDG India Index. The state’s high performance is attributed to its strong social indicators, including excellent healthcare, high literacy rates, and proactive social welfare policies. These achievements align closely with many of the global Sustainable Development Goals, making Kerala a model for human development and sustainable progress within the Indian federal system.
Q93. Consider the following features of the SDG India Index:
I. It is developed by NITI Aayog in collaboration with the United Nations.
II. It computes goal-wise scores on all 17 SDGs for every State and UT.
III. A score of 100 implies that the State/UT has achieved the targets set for 2030.
IV. It fosters competitive federalism among States to achieve sustainable development.
V. It focuses exclusively on environmental goals, ignoring social and economic parameters.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
I. It is developed by NITI Aayog in collaboration with the United Nations.
II. It computes goal-wise scores on all 17 SDGs for every State and UT.
III. A score of 100 implies that the State/UT has achieved the targets set for 2030.
IV. It fosters competitive federalism among States to achieve sustainable development.
V. It focuses exclusively on environmental goals, ignoring social and economic parameters.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Explanation
The SDG India Index is a collaborative effort that computes scores for all 17 goals across every state. A perfect score of 100 signifies the full achievement of 2030 targets. The index is a key tool for promoting competitive federalism. However, it is not limited to environmental goals; it covers the full range of social and economic parameters included in the United Nations’ global sustainable development framework.
Q94. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
| NITI Aayog SDG Index Classification | Score Range |
|---|---|
| A. Aspirant | i. Score: 100 |
| B. Performer | ii. Score: 65-99 |
| C. Front Runner | iii. Score: 50-64 |
| D. Achiever | iv. Score: 0-49 |
Explanation
NITI Aayog uses a specific scoring system to categorize state performance. "Aspirants" are those with the lowest scores, while "Performers" fall in the middle range. "Front Runners" show high achievement, and an "Achiever" is any state that has reached a score of 100. This tiered system provides a clear roadmap for states to improve their rankings by focusing on specific developmental targets and policy interventions.
Q95. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is systematically defined as:
Explanation
Environmental Impact Assessment is a systematic process used to evaluate the potential environmental consequences of a proposed project before a final decision is made. It ensures that decision-makers consider environmental effects early in the planning process. By identifying potential risks to air, water, and biodiversity, EIA helps in selecting projects that are environmentally sustainable and allows for the integration of mitigation measures to reduce negative impacts.
Q96. During the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process in India, the purpose of the "Public Hearing" phase is primarily to:
Explanation
The public hearing is a crucial step in the EIA process in India. It provides a formal platform for local residents and stakeholders to express their concerns regarding the proposed project’s impact on their environment and livelihoods. This participatory approach ensures transparency and allows the government to incorporate local knowledge and community feedback into the final environmental clearance decision, balancing industrial needs with community welfare.
Q97. In the EIA process, the step that determines the extent and specific issues to be addressed in the assessment study, setting the Terms of Reference (ToR), is known as:
Explanation
Scoping is the stage in the EIA process where the specific boundaries and key issues of the study are defined. During this phase, the Terms of Reference are set, which guide the investigators on what impacts to prioritize and what data to collect. Effective scoping ensures that the assessment focuses on the most significant environmental risks, making the study more efficient and relevant for the decision-making process.
Q98. The following question consists of two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is often viewed as a vital tool for achieving sustainable development.
Reason (R): EIA integrates environmental considerations into the planning and design stages of a project, preventing severe ecological damage and subsequent costly remedial measures.
Assertion (A): Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is often viewed as a vital tool for achieving sustainable development.
Reason (R): EIA integrates environmental considerations into the planning and design stages of a project, preventing severe ecological damage and subsequent costly remedial measures.
Explanation
EIA is a fundamental tool for sustainable development because it forces the integration of environmental health into economic planning. By predicting potential damage during the design phase, projects can be modified to be less harmful. This proactive approach prevents the loss of natural capital and avoids the high costs of cleaning up pollution after a project is built. Consequently, EIA helps ensure that development does not come at an unacceptable environmental cost.
Q99. In the context of EIA, "Post-project monitoring" ensures that:
Explanation
Post-project monitoring is the final phase of the EIA process, designed to ensure that the developer actually carries out the environmental safeguards promised during the assessment. It involves regular audits and inspections to verify that pollution levels remain within limits and that mitigation measures are effective. This ongoing oversight is essential for holding industries accountable and for protecting the environment throughout the operational life of the project.Answer key for these questions
| Q | Correct answer |
|---|---|
| 91 | (b) Measuring State/UT SDG progress. |
| 92 | (c) Kerala |
| 93 | (a) I, II, III and IV only |
| 94 | (a) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i |
| 95 | (b) Pre-decision impact evaluation. |
| 96 | (b) Recording local stakeholder concerns. |
| 97 | (a) Scoping |
| 98 | (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. |
| 99 | (d) Implementing mitigation measures. |
Key facts from Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development
- Real GDP differs from nominal GDP because it is adjusted for price level changes (inflation).
- In the value-added method, the value of intermediate consumption is deducted from the value of output.
- GNP differs from GDP by the inclusion of net factor income from abroad.
- Net Domestic Product is obtained by deducting depreciation from Gross Domestic Product.
- National Income is equivalent to Net National Product at factor cost.
- Per capita income is national income divided by total population, and it masks welfare because it leaves out unpaid domestic work and leisure.
Frequently asked questions
How many RAS Prelims practice MCQs are there on Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development?
This page has 99 practice MCQs on Economic Growth, Development and Sustainable Development (Indian Economy). Each has the correct answer, and most have an explanation.
What is the difference between nominal and real GDP?
Nominal GDP is measured at current prices, and real GDP is adjusted for price level changes (inflation) by using the prices of a base year. Real GDP therefore shows the actual growth in the volume of output.
How does GNP differ from GDP?
GNP includes net factor income from abroad, that is income earned by a country’s residents abroad minus income earned by foreigners in the country. GDP counts only the output produced within the domestic territory.
What is National Income?
National Income is the Net National Product at factor cost. It is obtained from GDP by adding net factor income from abroad, deducting depreciation and subtracting indirect taxes net of subsidies.