Q421. The Nagoya Protocol primarily addresses which of the three main objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
Health, Environment and Agriculture: RAS Prelims MCQs
662 RAS Prelims practice MCQs on health, environment and agriculture are on this page, in 4 chapters. They cover human health, food, nutrition and public health programmes, environmental and ecological changes and impact assessment, biodiversity and conservation of natural resources, and agriculture, horticulture, forestry and animal husbandry in Rajasthan. Each question has an answer and an explanation.
Practice questions based on the RPSC RAS Prelims syllabus. They follow the exam pattern but are not past-paper questions.
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Q422. The Nagoya Protocol was adopted in the year 2010 in which country?
Explanation
The Nagoya Protocol was adopted on October 29, 2010, during the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD. This historic meeting took place in Nagoya, Japan. The protocol represents a major international effort to clarify the rules for accessing genetic resources and sharing the benefits derived from their use, particularly for research and commercial development purposes worldwide.
Q423. Read the following core obligations set out by the Nagoya Protocol for its contracting parties:
I. Access obligations
II. Benefit-sharing obligations
III. Compliance obligations
Which combination represents the key pillars of the Nagoya Protocol?
I. Access obligations
II. Benefit-sharing obligations
III. Compliance obligations
Which combination represents the key pillars of the Nagoya Protocol?
Explanation
The Nagoya Protocol is built upon three core pillars of obligation: access, benefit-sharing, and compliance. Access obligations require countries to create clear rules for obtaining resources. Benefit-sharing mandates that users share rewards with providers. Compliance obligations ensure that users follow the rules and that provider countries can enforce their rights. Together, these pillars create a balanced framework for international genetic exchange.
Q424. In India, which statutory body is responsible for granting approval for access to biological resources and associated traditional knowledge for commercial utilization by foreign entities under the ABS mechanism?
Explanation
In India, the National Biodiversity Authority is the statutory body established under the Biological Diversity Act of 2002. One of its primary roles is to manage the Access and Benefit Sharing mechanism. Any foreign entity wishing to access India’s biological resources or traditional knowledge for commercial utilization must obtain prior approval and enter into a formal agreement with the NBA.
Q425. Identify the correct statement regarding terms under the Nagoya Protocol.
Explanation
Prior Informed Consent is a fundamental requirement of the Nagoya Protocol, signifying that a user must obtain permission from the provider country before accessing its genetic resources. In contrast, Mutually Agreed Terms represent a negotiated agreement between both parties, not a unilateral declaration. This terminology ensures that the sovereign rights of the provider country are respected throughout the entire access process.
Q426. Read the following statements and select the correct option:
Statement I: The Nagoya Protocol requires user countries to ensure that genetic resources utilized within their jurisdiction have been accessed in accordance with Prior Informed Consent.
Statement II: The Nagoya Protocol completely ignores the rights of indigenous and local communities over their traditional knowledge.
Statement I: The Nagoya Protocol requires user countries to ensure that genetic resources utilized within their jurisdiction have been accessed in accordance with Prior Informed Consent.
Statement II: The Nagoya Protocol completely ignores the rights of indigenous and local communities over their traditional knowledge.
Explanation
The Nagoya Protocol requires user countries to implement compliance measures to ensure that genetic resources used within their borders were accessed through Prior Informed Consent. Contrary to the second statement, the protocol explicitly addresses the rights of indigenous and local communities, mandating that their traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources must also be subject to benefit-sharing and consent requirements.
Q427. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of how traditional knowledge is treated under the Nagoya Protocol?
Explanation
Under the Nagoya Protocol, traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is treated with significant legal protection. It is not considered public domain for free commercial use. Instead, the protocol mandates that access to such knowledge held by indigenous and local communities must be granted only with their prior informed consent and based on mutually agreed terms for sharing the benefits fairly.
Q428. The strict implementation of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanisms under the Nagoya Protocol is primarily a direct response to combat:
Explanation
Biopiracy occurs when researchers or companies use biological resources or traditional knowledge without official permission or fair compensation to the source country or community. The strict implementation of Access and Benefit Sharing mechanisms under the Nagoya Protocol is a direct international response to this problem. By creating legal obligations, the protocol helps ensure that the benefits of nature are shared equitably.
Q429. Find the odd one out in the context of international environmental agreements dealing with biodiversity.
Explanation
The Convention on Biological Diversity, along with its Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols, forms a cohesive international framework specifically focused on the protection and management of biological diversity. The Montreal Protocol, however, is a separate treaty designed to phase out the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer. This atmospheric focus makes it the odd one out in this specific context.
Q430. The most widely accepted definition of "Sustainable Development" is "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." This was introduced by:
Explanation
The most widely recognized definition of sustainable development was introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development, popularly known as the Brundtland Commission. Led by Gro Harlem Brundtland, the commission emphasized that development must meet the needs of the current population while ensuring that future generations are not left with depleted resources or a degraded environment to meet their needs.Answer key for these questions
| Q | Correct answer |
|---|---|
| 421 | (a) Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources. |
| 422 | (b) Japan |
| 423 | (d) I, II and III |
| 424 | (a) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) |
| 425 | (c) Prior Informed Consent (PIC) - Permission obtained from the provider country before accessing genetic resources. |
| 426 | (a) Statement I is correct, and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 427 | (b) Access to traditional knowledge must be subject to prior informed consent. |
| 428 | (d) Biopiracy |
| 429 | (a) Montreal Protocol |
| 430 | (c) The Brundtland Commission |
Key facts from Health, Environment and Agriculture
- The RPSC General Science syllabus includes human health and nutrition, environmental change, biodiversity and the agriculture of Rajasthan.
- Health questions pair a deficiency or a programme with its cause or target, for example iron with anaemia.
- Environment questions cover ecosystems, pollutants, laws and treaties, including carbon markets.
- Rajasthan agriculture questions deal with dryland farming, crops of the arid zones and the State’s agro-climatic zones.
- Science and technology, policies and defence are on the Science and Technology page.
Frequently asked questions
How many RAS Prelims practice MCQs are there on Health, Environment and Agriculture?
This page has 662 practice MCQs on Health, Environment and Agriculture. Each has the correct answer, and most have an explanation.
Which chapters does this set cover?
Four chapters: human health, food, nutrition and public health programmes; environmental and ecological changes and their impact assessment; biodiversity, conservation of natural resources and sustainable development; and agriculture, horticulture, forestry and animal husbandry in Rajasthan.
Are health, environment and agriculture part of the RAS Prelims syllabus?
Yes. The General Knowledge and General Science paper includes human health, nutrition, environment, biodiversity and the agriculture sector of Rajasthan, so these topics can be asked every year.
How can I revise this part of the syllabus?
Make short lists of deficiency diseases, pollutants, laws and treaties, and Rajasthan crops and zones. Attempt each chapter, read the explanations of the misses and revisit the lists after a few days.