Indian National Movement III (1930-1947): UPSC Previous Year Questions (Modern History)

Explanation

The Cripps Mission of 1942 was sent by the British government to secure Indian support during World War II in exchange for a promise of post war constitutional reforms. The Congress Party engaged in negotiations, although the proposal was ultimately rejected.

Option (c) is correct: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad were the official Congress negotiators with the Cripps Mission. They rejected the proposal because it did not grant immediate independence, allowed provinces to opt out of a united India, and retained British control during the war. Gandhi famously referred to the offer as a "post-dated cheque on a crashing bank", reflecting the discontent with the mission’s limited concessions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The Bombay Manifesto openly opposed the preaching of socialist ideals, fearing that such policies would disrupt free enterprise and harm industrial growth. It was a response to the increasing influence of socialism within the Congress Party.

Statement 2 is incorrect: However the manifesto did not get support from a large section of the business community across India. The business community was positive about the government intervention and hand holding in running the enterprises and economy.

Explanation

After the Quit India Movement of 1942, C.

Rajagopalachari proposed a solution to the constitutional deadlock between the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and the British Government through his pamphlet titled "The Way Out". It suggested that the Congress should accept the League’s demand for Pakistan through a plebiscite in Muslim-majority areas, provided the British granted complete independence to India. His proposal was an attempt to resolve the growing communal tensions and the deadlock over India’s future governance.

Explanation

The Karachi session of 1931, presided over by Sardar Patel, was significant for its adoption of the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru laying the foundation for India’s socio-economic vision.The Resolution advocated for key socio-economic reforms such as labor rights, minimum wages, equality, and universal adult suffrage. The resolution underscored Congress’ commitment to political independence and social justice, serving as a foundation for shaping governance priorities in independent India.