Human Development and Sustainable Development: UPSC Previous Year Questions (Indian Economy)

Explanation

The passage, "instil into the vast millions of workers, men and women, who actually do the job, a sense of partnership and of cooperative performance," pertains to the Community Development Programme in India. Community Devel-opment Programme (CDP) was launched in 1952 which aimed to promote holistic rural development by encouraging active participation from local communities. The initiative sought to empower villagers by involving them in decision-making processes and fostering a sense of ownership and cooperation in implementing development projects. The emphasis was on collective effort and partnership among community members to achieve sustainable development goals.

Explanation

A is matched with 4: The UNDP publishes the Human Development Report, which provides comprehensive analyses on global human development issues. HDI is a composite index that measures average achievement in human devel-opment based on three dimensions:

Long and Healthy Life-Life expectancy at birth Knowledge-Education Index Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling A Decent Living Standard-Gross national income (GNI) per capita at PPP in the US dollars. B is matched with 2: NCAER is an independent economic think tank in India which publishes the India Development Report. The report provides in-depth analysis and data on the Indian economy. C is matched with 1: IGIDR is an advanced research institute in India and contributed significantly to the development of the UN India Human Development Report which focuses on human development within India. D is matched with 3: The World Bank releases the World Development Report, an annual publication that examines global economic development topics.

Explanation

The life expectancy at birth in India is almost the same as that of Indonesia is false. Life Expectancy At Birth in India is 62.4 while in Indonesia, it is 64.

Option (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect:

India’s Adult Literacy Rate is 52 which is much lower than other countries which are above 80%. Korea has the highest Life Expectancy at Birth while Malaysia has the second highest. Life Expectancy at Birth is the average number of years a newborn is expected to live if current mortality patterns remain constant throughout their life. There is an inverse relationship between the Infant Mortality Rate and Adult Literacy Rate. The Infant Mortality Rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. It is a key indicator of the overall health and well-being of a population, reflecting factors such as healthcare access, nutrition, sanitation, and maternal health.

Explanation

The Indian Human Development Report (IHDR) does not give a separate Unemployment Related Index for each sample village. The IHDR uses a composite index approach to measure human development. It combines indicators across key dimensions such as Infrastructure and Amenities Index: This index reflects access to basic infrastructure like sanitation, drinking water, electricity, and other amenities that contribute to well-being. Education Related Index: This index combines indicators related to literacy rates, school enrollment, educational attainment, and other measures of educational progress. Health Related Index: This index includes indicators of health status, such as life expectancy, infant mortality rates, access to healthcare facilities, and other health-related measures. Unemployment is typically analyzed as a separate factor or included as a component within broader indices (like a poverty index or a standard of living index) rather than being a standalone index at the village level. Collecting reliable and granular unemployment data at the village level across a large sample can be challenging. Also, unemployment is more often seen as an outcome affecting poverty and standard of living, rather than a direct input into human development itself.