UPSC 2005 Geography Questions with Answers

Explanation

The Balearic Islands are an archipelago located in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of Spain. They are a popular tourist destination known for their scenic landscapes, beaches, and cultural heritage. They are an autonomous community of Spain and consist of four main islands.

Explanation

Pair (a) is correctly matched: Nassau is the capital city of The Bahamas and its largest city. It is located on New Providence Island and is a major tourist hub. Pair (b) is correctly matched: San José is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica. It is the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. Pair (c) is incorrectly matched: Belmopan is actually the capital of Belize, not Nicaragua. The correct capital of Nicaragua is Managua. Pair (d) is correctly matched: Santo Domingo is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic. It is one of the old-est European settlements in the Americas, founded in 1496.

Explanation

Option (d) is correct: Mount St. Helens is in Washington State, USA, within the Pacific Ring of Fire. Mount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano located in Washington State, USA. It is part of the Cascade Range and is known for its catastrophic eruption on May 18, 1980, which was one of the most destructive volcanic events in U.S. history. Options (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect:

Chile has several active volcanoes, including Villarrica and Llaima. Japan has famous volcanic mountains like Mount Fuji and Sakurajima. The Philippines has Mount Pinatubo and Mayon Volcano.

Explanation

Option (b) is correct: Lithuania is a Baltic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia (Kaliningrad) to the west. Ukraine does not share a border with Lithuania. Belarus lies between them.

Explanation

Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, is the northernmost among these cities. Moving southward, Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, comes next. Further south lies Gujranwala, a major industrial city in Punjab province. Finally, Multan, known for its Sufi shrines, is located in southern Punjab, making it the southernmost in the given options. Therefore, the correct north-to-south order is Peshawar Islamabad Gujranwala Multan.

Explanation

The cities and their respective rivers are: A-4; B-3; C-2; D-1 A is correctly matched with 4: The Potomac River, flowing through the eastern United States, serves as a boundary between Maryland and Virginia and passes through notable cities like Washington, D.C., Alexandria, and Harpers Ferry. B is correctly matched with 3: The Spree River, a tributary of the Havel River, flows through Berlin and is central to the city’s waterways, connecting it to other regions like Cottbus and Spandau. C is correctly matched with 2: The Seine River is one of France’s major rivers, flowing through Paris and other cities like Rouen and Le Havre. It is famous for its iconic landmarks along its banks in Paris, including the Eiffel Tower and numerous historic bridges. D is correctly matched with 1: The Manzanares River, though relatively small, flows through Madrid and plays an important role in local recreation and urban development. Each of these rivers holds cultural, historical, or economic significance for their respective cities.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Great Britain consists of England, Scotland, and Wales. It does not include Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom (UK) comprises Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Statement 2 is correct: England covers approximately 53% of the total area of the UK (130,279 km2 out of 242,495 km2), making the statement accurate.

Explanation

The Itaipu Dam, located on the Parana River at the border of Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil) and Ciudad del Este (Paraguay), is one of the largest hydroelectric plants in the world. Completed in 1984, it is managed by Itaipu Binacional, equally owned by Brazil and Paraguay. The dam generates over 14,000 MW of electricity, supplying nearly 90% of Paraguay’s energy needs and about 15% of Brazil’s consumption. It remains a symbol of successful binational cooperation and a major contributor to renewable energy production globally.

Explanation

Statement (c) is correct: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement aimed at regulating the safe transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs), or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), to protect biodiversity and human health. Statements (a), (b) and (d) are incorrect:

The first Meeting of the Parties (MOP 1) to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from February 23-27, 2004, not in the Philippines. India is a signatory to both the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. It ratified the protocol on January 23, 2003, and actively participates in its implementation. The United States is not a party to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, as it has not ratified the agreement.