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Category 7 · Environment & Ecology

Threats to Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies

11 micro topics in Environment & Ecology for UPSC Prelims, in book order: Causes of Biodiversity Loss; Effects of Loss of Biodiversity; and 9 more.

  1. 7.1

    Causes of Biodiversity Loss

    Biodiversity is being lost at a rate far above the natural background rate because of human activity. The best-known summary is the evil quartet proposed by Jared Diamond: habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation, alien species invasions…

  2. 7.2

    Effects of Loss of Biodiversity

    The loss of biodiversity weakens the ecosystem services that support human life and economies. Ecologically, it reduces the stability and resilience of ecosystems, simplifies food webs, lowers primary productivity, speeds up the spread of pests and…

  3. 7.3

    Extinction of Species and Mass Extinction

    Extinction is the permanent disappearance of a species when its last individual dies. Related terms: extirpation (local extinction), extinct in the wild (survives only in captivity) and functional extinction (too few to play their ecological role).…

  4. 7.4

    IUCN Red List and Its Classification Scheme

    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, run by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, founded in 1948 and headquartered in Gland, Switzerland, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of…

  5. 7.5

    Scheduled Animals Under the Wildlife Protection Act

    The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is India's main law for protecting wild animals, birds and plants, and it classifies species into schedules that decide the level of protection and the penalty for harming them. Before 2022…

  6. 7.6

    In-Situ Methods of Conservation: Protected Area Categories and Forms

    In-situ conservation means protecting species in their natural habitats, where their ecological relationships and evolution continue. It is the best way to conserve biodiversity as it protects whole ecosystems. In India the main forms of protected…

  7. 7.7

    Biosphere Reserves, Sacred Forests, Sacred Lakes

    Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme, launched in 1971, that combine conservation with sustainable development and local participation. Each has three zones: a legally protected core…

  8. 7.8

    World Heritage Sites and Geo-Heritage Sites

    A World Heritage Site is a place of outstanding universal value that is listed under the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted in 1972 and in force from 1975.…

  9. 7.9

    Advantages and Disadvantages of In-Situ Conservation

    In-situ conservation protects species within their natural habitats such as national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and sacred groves. Its main advantages are that it conserves whole ecosystems and the interactions among species, allows species to keep…

  10. 7.10

    Ex-Situ Methods of Conservation: Zoological Parks, Botanical Gardens, Seed Banks

    Ex-situ conservation means conserving species outside their natural habitats, in places where they can be protected and managed by people. The main methods are zoological parks and captive breeding centres, botanical gardens and arboreta, aquaria, gene…

  11. 7.11

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Ex-Situ Conservation

    Ex-situ conservation keeps a safety net for species that are in immediate danger, but it has strengths and limits. Its advantages are that it protects species whose wild populations are too small or whose habitats have…

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Frequently asked questions

Which topics are in Threats to Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies?

Threats to Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies has 11 micro topics in Environment & Ecology: Causes of Biodiversity Loss; Effects of Loss of Biodiversity; Extinction of Species and Mass Extinction; IUCN Red List and Its Classification Scheme; Scheduled Animals Under the Wildlife Protection Act; In-Situ Methods of Conservation: Protected Area Categories and Forms; Biosphere Reserves, Sacred Forests, Sacred Lakes; World Heritage Sites and Geo-Heritage Sites; Advantages and Disadvantages of In-Situ Conservation; Ex-Situ Methods of Conservation: Zoological Parks, Botanical Gardens, Seed Banks; Advantages and Disadvantages of Ex-Situ Conservation.

Is Threats to Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies important for UPSC Prelims?

Threats to Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies is a part of the UPSC Prelims Environment & Ecology syllabus map on MaargX UPSC. Each of its 11 published topics has key terms, a Mains angle and practice questions.