Category 12 · Environment & Ecology
Energy Resources
13 micro topics in Environment & Ecology for UPSC Prelims, in book order: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC); Tidal Energy and Wave Energy; and 11 more.
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12.1
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) generates electricity from the temperature difference between warm tropical surface sea water, at around 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, and cold deep water at 1,000 metres, at around 4 to 5…
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12.2
Tidal Energy and Wave Energy
Tidal energy uses the rise and fall of the sea caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. A tidal barrage is a dam across an estuary or bay that traps water…
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12.3
Fuel Cells and Microbial Fuel Cells
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel, usually hydrogen, and an oxidant, usually oxygen from air, directly into electricity, with water and heat as the main by-products. It…
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12.4
Biofuels and Biogas
Biofuels are fuels made from biological material (biomass) such as crops, crop residues, oils, animal waste and municipal waste. Liquid biofuels include bioethanol, made by fermenting sugars from sugarcane juice, molasses, grains or cellulosic material and…
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12.5
Geothermal Energy and Solar Energy
Geothermal energy is heat from within the Earth, stored in hot rock and water, used directly for heating or to run steam turbines for electricity. It comes from the decay of radioactive elements and the original…
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12.6
Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development
Renewable energy comes from sources that replenish naturally on human timescales: sunlight, wind, flowing water, biomass, geothermal heat and the oceans. It is central to sustainable development because it cuts greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution,…
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12.7
Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA)
The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) is a registered society under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas that promotes energy efficiency and conservation of petroleum products in India. It was set up in 1978, after…
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12.8
Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act
The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 (CLNDA) is the Indian law that fixes who pays, and how much, when a nuclear incident harms people, property or the environment. It follows the principle of strict…
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12.9
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 was launched by the Government of India in 2013 under the Department of Heavy Industries to speed up the adoption and manufacture of hybrid and electric vehicles. It…
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12.10
National Policy on Biofuels
The National Policy on Biofuels was approved by the Union Cabinet in May 2018 and administered by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, to promote domestic production and use of biofuels, reduce import dependence on…
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12.11
India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme
India's three-stage nuclear power programme was formulated by Homi J Bhabha in the 1950s to use the country's modest uranium and large thorium reserves, with the long-term aim of energy independence. Stage I uses pressurised heavy…
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12.12
Solar Renewable Purchase Obligation
A Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) is a legal requirement that distribution companies and certain large consumers buy a minimum share of their electricity from renewable sources. It rests on Section 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003,…
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12.13
Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC)
The Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) is an attached office of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas that collects, analyses and publishes data on India's oil and gas sector and supports the Ministry in…
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Frequently asked questions
Which topics are in Energy Resources?
Energy Resources has 13 micro topics in Environment & Ecology: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC); Tidal Energy and Wave Energy; Fuel Cells and Microbial Fuel Cells; Biofuels and Biogas; Geothermal Energy and Solar Energy; Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development; Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA); Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act; National Electric Mobility Mission Plan; National Policy on Biofuels; India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme; Solar Renewable Purchase Obligation; Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC).
Is Energy Resources important for UPSC Prelims?
Energy Resources is a part of the UPSC Prelims Environment & Ecology syllabus map on MaargX UPSC. Each of its 13 published topics has key terms, a Mains angle and practice questions.