Category 9 · Geography
El Niño and Climate Classification
7 micro topics in Geography for UPSC Prelims, in book order: Walker Circulation and Normal Conditions in the Pacific; El Niño and Its Effects; and 5 more.
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9.1
Walker Circulation and Normal Conditions in the Pacific
The Walker Circulation is the east-west loop of air over the tropical Pacific, with rising air and heavy rain over the warm western Pacific near Indonesia, sinking air over the cool eastern Pacific off South America,…
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9.2
El Niño and Its Effects
El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO, in which the sea surface of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific becomes unusually warm because the trade winds weaken. It occurs every two…
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9.3
La Niña and El Niño Modoki
La Niña is the cool phase of ENSO, in which stronger trade winds and more upwelling make the eastern and central equatorial Pacific colder than normal, usually bringing a good Indian monsoon. El Niño Modoki, or…
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9.4
Köppen Scheme of Climate Classification
The Köppen scheme, devised by the German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen from 1900 and revised later with Rudolf Geiger, classifies climates using monthly temperature and precipitation. It has five major groups, A tropical humid, B dry, C…
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9.5
Tropical Humid Climates (Group A)
Tropical humid climates, Group A of the Köppen scheme, have a mean temperature of 18 degrees Celsius or above in every month and no winter. They have three types: the tropical wet or rainforest climate Af,…
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9.6
Dry and Warm Temperate Climates (Groups B and C)
Dry climates, Group B, are those where evaporation exceeds precipitation, divided into hot and cold deserts and the steppe. Warm temperate climates, Group C, have mild winters, with the coldest month between minus 3 and 18…
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9.7
Cold Snow-Forest and Polar Climates (Groups D and E)
Cold snow-forest climates, Group D, have a very cold winter, with the coldest month below minus 3 degrees Celsius, and a warm or cool summer, and are found only in the northern hemisphere between about 40…
Frequently asked questions
Which topics are in El Niño and Climate Classification?
El Niño and Climate Classification has 7 micro topics in Geography: Walker Circulation and Normal Conditions in the Pacific; El Niño and Its Effects; La Niña and El Niño Modoki; Köppen Scheme of Climate Classification; Tropical Humid Climates (Group A); Dry and Warm Temperate Climates (Groups B and C); Cold Snow-Forest and Polar Climates (Groups D and E).
Is El Niño and Climate Classification important for UPSC Prelims?
El Niño and Climate Classification is a part of the UPSC Prelims Geography syllabus map on MaargX UPSC. Each of its 7 published topics has key terms, a Mains angle and practice questions.