Q261. The standard suite of protocols responsible for communication across the Internet is known as:
Science and Technology: RAS Prelims MCQs
1113 RAS Prelims practice MCQs on science and technology are on this page, in 6 chapters. They cover the basics of everyday science, computers and information technology, defence and space technology in India, genetics, biotechnology and nanotechnology, science and technology policies and government programmes, and recent advances with Indian contributors and indigenisation. Each question has an answer and an explanation.
Practice questions based on the RPSC RAS Prelims syllabus. They follow the exam pattern but are not past-paper questions.
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Q262. Consider the following statements regarding HTTP and HTTPS:
I. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
II. HTTPS encrypts data transferred between the browser and the website.
III. HTTP operates by default on port 80.
IV. HTTPS relies on SSL/TLS certificates for security.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
I. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
II. HTTPS encrypts data transferred between the browser and the website.
III. HTTP operates by default on port 80.
IV. HTTPS relies on SSL/TLS certificates for security.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Explanation
Web communication relies on protocols like HTTP and its secure version, HTTPS. While HTTP facilitates standard data transfer on port 80, HTTPS adds a layer of security by encrypting data using SSL or TLS certificates. This encryption is vital for protecting sensitive information, such as login credentials and financial details, ensuring that communication between the browser and the web server remains confidential.
Q263. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the Domain Name System (DNS).
Explanation
The Domain Name System functions as the phonebook of the Internet, translating human-friendly domain names like google.com into numerical IP addresses that computers use to identify each other. This service is essential for user-friendly web navigation, as it eliminates the need to memorize complex numbers. However, DNS is strictly an addressing service and does not provide encryption for emails or other data attachments.
Q264. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 was mandated on the internet.
Reason (R): IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and the global supply of available IPv4 addresses was exhausted.
Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 was mandated on the internet.
Reason (R): IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and the global supply of available IPv4 addresses was exhausted.
Explanation
The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 became necessary because the 32-bit addressing scheme of IPv4 could only support about 4.3 billion unique addresses. With the explosion of internet-connected devices, this supply was exhausted. IPv6 utilizes a 128-bit addressing format, providing a virtually unlimited number of unique IP addresses, ensuring that the global internet can continue to expand and accommodate future growth.
Q265. What is the primary role of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
Explanation
An Internet Service Provider is a company that provides the essential infrastructure and services required for individuals and businesses to connect to the global internet. ISPs manage the physical network links, such as fiber optics or satellite connections, and assign IP addresses to their customers. Without the services of an ISP, users would be unable to access websites, emails, or cloud-based applications.
Q266. Which of the following is a correct pair of an internet protocol and its primary use?
Explanation
Specific protocols are designed for different internet tasks. POP3 and IMAP are used for receiving emails from a server, while SMTP is dedicated to sending emails. For file management, FTP is used to transfer files between computers. Understanding these protocols is crucial for configuring email clients and web services, as each serves a distinct role in the exchange of digital information across networks.
Q267. Which transmission technique is most appropriate to describe how data travels across the Internet?
Explanation
Packet switching is the fundamental transmission method used on the internet, where data is broken into small chunks called packets. Each packet is routed independently across the network based on the most efficient available path and reassembled at the destination. This method is highly efficient and resilient, as it allows multiple users to share network resources simultaneously without requiring a dedicated physical circuit.
Q268. Match List I with List II.
| Acronym | Meaning in Networking |
|---|---|
| A. TCP | i. Internet Protocol |
| B. IP | ii. File Transfer Protocol |
| C. HTTP | iii. Transmission Control Protocol |
| D. FTP | iv. Hypertext Transfer Protocol |
Explanation
Internet operations are governed by several key protocols with specific functions. TCP manages data integrity and delivery, while IP handles the logical addressing of devices. For web content, HTTP defines how resources are requested and transmitted, and FTP is specialized for file transfers. These protocols work together within the network stack to provide the diverse range of services users expect online.
Q269. Which of the following is not a standard protocol associated with Internet operations?
Explanation
Standard internet operations rely on a suite of protocols including TCP for reliable delivery, UDP for fast transmission, and ICMP for network diagnostics. These protocols operate at different layers to facilitate data exchange. BIOS, however, is a firmware interface used to initialize computer hardware during the booting process. It functions entirely within the local machine and is not a protocol for network communication.
Q270. Given below are two statements regarding URLs.
Statement I: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the location of a web resource and the mechanism to retrieve it.
Statement II: A standard URL consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes a specific file path.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Statement I: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the location of a web resource and the mechanism to retrieve it.
Statement II: A standard URL consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes a specific file path.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Explanation
A Uniform Resource Locator is a standardized address used to identify and locate specific resources on the World Wide Web. A complete URL includes the protocol being used, the domain name of the hosting server, and the specific path to the desired file or resource. This system ensures that web browsers can accurately find and retrieve the exact content requested by a user.Answer key for these questions
| Q | Correct answer |
|---|---|
| 261 | (c) TCP/IP |
| 262 | (d) I, II, III, and IV |
| 263 | (a) It encrypts email attachments for secure transmission. |
| 264 | (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. |
| 265 | (b) To provide users and organizations with access to the internet |
| 266 | (a) POP3 - Receiving Emails |
| 267 | (c) Packet switching |
| 268 | (a) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii |
| 269 | (c) BIOS |
| 270 | (a) Both Statement I and II are correct |
Key facts from Science and Technology
- The RPSC paper is General Knowledge and General Science, so science questions come with a strong dose of applied and recent topics.
- Everyday science questions test the laws and terms of physics, chemistry and biology through examples.
- Defence and space questions pair a missile, satellite or mission with its year and organisation.
- Policy questions ask for the year, the body and the aim of schemes like STIP, the National Quantum Mission and BioE3.
- Health, environment and agriculture are on a separate page, with their own chapters.
Frequently asked questions
How many RAS Prelims practice MCQs are there on Science and Technology?
This page has 1113 practice MCQs on Science and Technology. Each has the correct answer, and most have an explanation.
Which chapters does the science and technology set cover?
Six chapters: basics of everyday science; computers, information and communication technology; defence and space technology in India; genetics, biotechnology and nanotechnology; science and technology policies and government programmes; and recent advances, Indian contributors and indigenisation.
Is science and technology part of the RAS Prelims syllabus?
Yes. The RPSC paper is called General Knowledge and General Science, and its syllabus lists science and technology topics along with environment, health, agriculture and government programmes, so questions can come from any of these areas.
How should I prepare science for RAS Prelims?
Revise the concepts by examples, then learn the missions, schemes and scientists with their year and organisation. Attempt each chapter, read the explanations and keep a list of the facts you missed.