Q1. In the following quotation, "WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity: and to promote among them all; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and the integrity of the Nation. In our Constituent Assembly this ‘X’ do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution." ‘X’ stands for:
Explanation
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949, as noted in the Preamble, marking the completion of the drafting process. The X stands for this date in the Preamble. However, it came into effect on 26th January 1950, to honor the Purna Swaraj Declaration of 1930, when India resolved to seek complete independence. The Preamble reflects the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the Constitution’s official enforcement began on Republic Day.