Explanation
The distribution of powers between the Centre and the States in the Indian Constitution is primarily based on the Government of India Act, 1935. This Act introduced a three-list system (Federal, Provincial, and Concurrent Lists), which was later adopted in the Indian Constitution with some modifications as the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List under the Seventh Schedule(under Article 246).
Other Major Points of the Government of India Act, 1935 Federal Structure: Introduced a three-list system (Federal, Provincial, and Concurrent Lists) for power distribution. However, the federation never materialized. Provincial Autonomy: Dyarchy was abolished in provinces, giving more power to elected ministers, but Governors retained overriding authority. Dyarchy at the Centre: Introduced Reserved and Transferred subjects, but ultimate control remained with the British. Federal Court: Established to resolve Centre-State disputes (precursor to the Supreme Court). Bicameral Legislature: Expanded legislature with more Indian participation, but British control remained. Governor-General’s Powers: Could override elected governments, especially in emergencies. Separate Electorates: Continued communal representation, deepening divisions. Princely States: Given the option to join the federation, but most refused.