Explanation
Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees the "right to life and personal liberty", which the Supreme Court has interpreted to include the right to marry a person of one’s choice. In several landmark judgments, the Court has emphasized that this right is part of an individual’s personal liberty, and any interference with it must meet strict scrutiny under the Constitution. In the famous Hadiya case(Shafin Jahan v. Asokan K.M.), the court held that the right to choose a partner is essential to a person’s meaningful existence and autonomy.
Right to Life: Ensures the protection of life and dignity, not just mere existence. Right to Personal Liberty: Prevents arbitrary arrest and detention, ensuring freedom of movement and choices. Right to Privacy: Recognized as a fundamental right (Puttaswamy case, 2017). Right to a Clean Environment: Includes protection against pollution and ecological degradation. Right to Live with Dignity: Covers humane conditions, health, and shelter. Right to Die with Dignity: Includes passive euthanasia. Protection Against Arbitrary State Actions: Any deprivation must follow due legal procedure.