1. A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.
2. They are correlative to legal duties.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Explanation
Fundamental Duties are enumerated in Part IV-A and consists of single Article 51A with 11 sub-articles.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution are outlined in Article 51A (Part IVA) and were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. These duties aim to promote a sense of responsibility, unity, and patriotism among Indian citizens. They serve as guidelines for citizens to contribute to the welfare of the nation. But no legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties. These duties are thus non-enforceable and non-justiciable in nature. However, courts have interpreted them as complementary to Fundamental Rights, and certain laws indirectly enforce them. Example: The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 penalizes disrespect to the National Flag and National Anthem, indirectly enforcing Article 51A(a). Example: The Environment Protection Act, 1986 enforces Article 51A(g) (duty to protect the environment).
Statement 2 is incorrect: Fundamental Duties are not legally enforceable duties like legal obligations. They are moral obligations intended to promote civic responsibility and national consciousness, but there are no direct legal consequences for their violation.
For S2, "Correlative" means they go hand-in-hand -- if you have a legal duty, then you also have a constitutional duty, and vice versa. But that’s not necessarily true. Many legal duties (e.g. paying taxes, obeying traffic laws) exist regardless of Fundamental Duties. And many Fundamental Duties (like developing scientific temper or promoting harmony) are moral/ethical, not legal mandates. Hence S2 likely false.