Explanation
According to the 91st Constitution Amendment Act,2003, the number of ministers, including the Prime Minister or Chief Minister, cannot exceed 15% of the total membership of the Lok Sabha at the Centre or the Legislative Assembly at the State level. It was formulated primarily to address concerns about the excessive size of the Council of Ministers and to strengthen anti-defection laws. The Act aimed to streamline the functioning of the Indian government and curb political opportunism.
The 93rd Amendment Act of 2005 added Clause (5) to Article 15 of the Indian Constitution, allowing the government to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes in education. This includes reservations in private educational institutions, both aided and unaided by the government, except for minority institutions. The Ninety-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-fifth Amendment) Act, 2009, extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and representation of the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies for another ten years, up to 26 January 2020. However, the Anglo-Indian representation was also extended, but it was later abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019. The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 was enacted to provide constitutional recognition and protection to cooperative societies in India