Explanation
India’s tribal languages reflect its rich cultural diversity, with hundreds of languages spoken by indigenous communities. These languages belong to various linguistic families, including Indo-Aryan and Dravidian. There are also other smaller language families, such as Austroasiatic (Ex-Munda languages) and Tibeto-Burman (Ex-Bodo). Examples of Tribal Languages include Halbi (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra), Ho (Jharkhand, Odisha), Kui (Odisha), Gondi (Central India), Korku (Madhya Pradesh), Kurukh (Odisha, Jharkhand), and Bhili (Rajasthan, Gujarat).
Option (d) is correct:
Halbi is spoken in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Maharashtra. It is an Indo-Aryan language influenced by Marathi and Odia. It is used by the Halba tribe and is recognized as a lingua franca among tribal communities in Bastar region. Ho is spoken in Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh. It belongs to the Munda language family which a branch of the Austroasiatic languages. The Ho tribe is an ethnic Munda community which primarily speaks this language. It has its own script called Warang Citi developed by tribal scholar Lako Bodra. Kui is a spoken mainly in Odisha by the Kandha (Kondh) tribe. It is a Dravidian language closely related to Gondi and Telugu. The Kandha tribe has a rich oral traditio and Kui plays a significant role in their cultural expressions.